Predicting the benefits of banana bunchy top virus exclusion. Banana and plantain are also known to be susceptible to five other viruses of minor significance, such as abaca mosaic virus, abaca bunchy top virus, banana mild mosaic virus, banana virus x, and cucumber mosaic virus. The aphid can retain the virus through its adult life, for a period of 1520 days. It severely affects the most popular local cultivar lakatan aaa, which is.
Banana bunchy top virus control data hort innovation. Evidence for a viral agent a virus, bbtv, is the causal agent of bunchy top disease of banana. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv dna component 1 from isolates from 10 different countries was cloned and sequenced and the sequences were aligned and compared. Banana plants were sampled to create a farmer friendly sampling plan for. Control of banana bunchy top is achieved by killing the banana aphids then. Prevention and control of banana bunchytop disease bbtd.
Please report suspect symptoms to the national bunchy top hotline 1800 068 371. Banana bunchy top virus is a regulated plant pest in new south wales. Bunchy top is a viral disease caused by the banana bunchy top virus. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is one of the major viral diseases in banana and affects banana growing areas in all parts of the world.
Control of banana bunchy top is achieved by killing the banana aphids then destroying all infected material. Eradication of banana bunchy top virus bbtv and banana mosaic virus bmv from infected plant of banana cv. This negative control is intended for use in elisa test formats. Detection of the bbtv infection in the planting material could help in the effective management of the disease in banana. It was first identified in fiji in 1879, and has spread around the world since then. Development of rapidot immunoassays for the detection of banana bunchy top virus namratha nd, narayan bm, chougal a and chidanand ar department of biotechnology, university of agricultural sciences, karnataka, india. The time interval between aphid inoculation of bbtv and the initial appearance of disease symptoms i. The disease, often called bbtd for banana bunchy top disease, gets its name from the bunchy appearance of infected plants. Aipowered banana diseases and pest detection plant. Infected tissue culture plantlets were indistinguishable from uninfected control plantlets in. A training video showing how farmers they symptoms, modes of spread and control options for banana bunchytop disease bbtd in central africa. Bunchy top is a viral disease caused by the banana bunchy top virus bbtv. Bbtv is diagnosed by identifying symptoms of diseased plants or by submitting a banana leaf sample to test for the banana bunchy top virus. No genetic source of bbtv resistance has been reported to date.
Adoption of roguing to contain banana bunchy top disease in southeast benin. Once established, it is extremely difficult to eradicate or manage. Once a plant becomes infected by the banana bunchy top virus bbtv it cannot be cured. Figure 4 banana bunchy top virus control zone in northeast nsw.
For control of the banana bunchy top virus, it is critical that the grower follow a strict control program involving monitoring for diseased plants. Predicting the benefits of banana bunchy top virus exclusion from. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is the most devastating virus disease of bananas. For control of the banana bunchy top virus, it is critical that the grower follow a strict control program involving monitoring for diseased plants, spraying to control the aphid vector, and destruction of all infected mats or units. Evidence for two groups of banana bunchy top virus. Cultural control banana bunchy top disease can be effectively controlled by the eradication of diseased plants and the use of virustested planting material. Worldwide, banana production is affected by numerous diseases and pests. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is the most destructive pathogenic virus of banana plants worldwide. The virus is transmitted in a circulative nonpropagative manner by the banana aphid, pentalonia nigronervosa coquerel. Aphids can acquire the virus after about an 18hour feeding period. Sas banana growing and export industry, which employs more than 100 000 people, is at risk following the discovery of banana bunchy top virus. Bunchy top the banana knowledge platform of the promusa.
A multipronged approach has been taken to characterize banana bunchy top virus and its causes, spread and potential control in hawaii. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv00overview eppo global database. The disease is caused by b anana bunchy top virus bbtv, which is. The diseased trees should be injected with 4 ml of fernoxone solution50g in 400 ml of water. Management of banana bunchy top virus in hawaii principal investigator. Banana bunchy top virus department of primary industries. Programs aimed at controlling the disease by managing the aphid. The typical symptoms of bunchy top of banana are very distinctive and readily. Avoid banana cultivation in sugarcane and cucurbitaceous areas as sugarcane mosaic virus or cucurbit mosaic virus can easily spread to banana.
Banana diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. Plants were established in vitro from banana bunchy0top virus bbtv infeeted plants. Virus host plants banana, plantain, abaca, wild banana, bird of paradise, ginger affected plant stages all growth stages affected plant parts whole plant symptoms the initial symptom is the presence of darkgreen spots on the petioles, midribs, and leaf veins of the newly emerging leaves. The basis for control came from the discovery that 1 banana bunchy top was caused by a virus, 2 this virus was transmitted by the aphid, p. Effect of banana bunchy top virus infection on morphology. Lanes 24, negative controls using dna from healthy plants stem, petiole. Although the disease was first reported in the late 1880s, the virus itself, which was originally classified as a luteovirus, was isolated in the late 1980s and reassigned to the nanoviridae family in the genus babuvirus. Infected plants cannot recover and will serve as a source of viral. Like many viruses, bbtv was named after the symptoms seen, where the infected plants are stunted and have bunchy leaves at the top. Almeida2 1 department of plant and environmental protection sciences, university of hawaii at manoa, honolulu, hi, usa. Notice the stunted plants and the colour of the leaves, which are pale yellow at the margins.
Although unequivocal evidence by reproduction of the disease through inoculation of purified virions or cloned genomic components is lacking, definitive association of bbtv with bunchy top disease was demonstrated by insect vectormediated transmission of bbtv from an. Banana bunchy top virus the banana knowledge platform of. It is fairly common and very problematic in hawaii, but rarely is found here in the us, even in florida. Research article effect of banana bunchy top virus infection on morphology and growth characteristics of banana c. Banana bunchy top virus ctahr university of hawaii. Bunchy top disease of banana caused by banana bunchy top virus bbtv, genus babuvirus family nanoviridae is one of the most important constraints in production of banana in the different parts of the world. Most attempts to control or eradicate banana bunchy top virus have been made in commercial bananaproducing countries.
Banana plants of different ages showing symptoms of banana bunchy top virus disease. The recent outbreak of the disease in south africa caused major concern to banana growers, as yield losses of up to 100% can be recorded. The cooperative extension service 1997 states that, \ banana bunchy top virus is spread by the banana aphid, which acquires the virus after at least four but usually about 18 hours of feeding on an infected plant. Banana bunchy top virus prevention and cbntrol cnas research. Banana bunchy top disease bbtd caused by the banana bunchy top virus bbtv, is the most serious virus disease of banana and plantain worldwide. Video includes background history, identification, aphid control, and treatment of banana bunchy top virus. Pdf highthroughput detection of banana bunchy top virus in. Banana bunchy top virus and the bunchy top disease springerlink. Biotechnology applications for banana and plantain improvement.
In this paper, we demonstrate how a breakeven style benefit cost analysis remains highly relevant to biosecurity decisionmakers using the example of banana bunchy top virus, a plant pathogen targeted for eradication from banana growing regions of australia. Abtv has been isolated from both abaca musa textilis and banana musa sp. Early detection and reporting are key elements in controlling this disease. Banana bunchy top disease bbt is one of the most serious diseases of banana.
Effect of banana bunchy top virus infection on morphology and. Virus acquisition and latent periods in aphids and banana plants mandy anhalt uh ctahr peps rodrigo p. After 16 months in culture plants were established in the. Banana bunchy top disease in hawaii fulllength version. Transgenic bananas resistant to banana bunchy top virus infection. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is one of the most serious diseases of. Predicting the benefits of banana bunchy top virus. Banana bunchy top disease is caused by banana bunchy top virus bbtv that belongs to nano virus group. The aphids can acquire and transmit the banana virus during their feeding on infected banana cells.
Viruses free fulltext localization, concentration, and. The banana aphids pentalonia nigronervosa are the insect vectors of banana bunchy top virus bbtv, the viral cause of banana bunchy top disease bbtd. Bunchy top virus is one of the most important diseases of bananas. Regardless of the reason, it is a simple fact that the days of banana diseases, banana bunchy top virus principally, are numbered. Development of transgenic bananas for bbtv resistance. Genome organization of banana bunchy top virus 1473 i random primed library a random primed library was generated from bbtv ssdna extracted from purified virions. There are no known banana varieties resistant to bbtv and no chemicals to control it. We analyzed 171 banana leaf samples from fourteen countries and recovered, cloned, and sequenced 855 complete bbtv components including ninetyfour full genomes. A simple, reliable, and highthroughput method for detecting bbtv in plants and aphids has been developed, which involves tissues disruption from banana plants and.
Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is one of the most serious diseases of banana. Abtv has many similarities to banana bunchy top virus bbtv but is both genetically and serologically distinct in that it lacks two open reading frames found in bbtvs genome. It is present across all of south asia and the pacific and is currently spreading in southern africa. Understanding banana bunchy top disease epidemiology in. The name refers to the bunchy top leaves of a banana plant, which is a clear and characteristic symptom of banana plants being affected with the virus. Pdf banana bunchy top virus and the bunchy top disease.
Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is a threat to hawaii bananas. Cultural control banana bunchy top disease can be effectively controlled by the eradication of diseased plants and the use of virus tested planting material. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is recognized as causing the most serious virus disease of bananas worldwide, resulting in complete yield loss in infected plants. Bbtv is the most serious virus disease of bananas and plantains. The disease is causing severe damage in malawi and dr congo while it has only recently. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is a major constraint to banana production in the philippines. Banana bunchy top disease bbtd is recognized as the most devastating virus disease of banana. It seems there is an epidemic lately of people thinking they have bbtv here on the mainland. Department of horticulture, bangladesh agricultural university, mymensingh2202, bangladesh. The banana bunchy top virus bbtv is a circular singlestranded dna virus 1820 nm in diameter that causes bunchy top in bananas. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is the causal agent of banana bunchy top disease. Bbtv is a small virus of size 2022 nm in diameter, consisting of ssdna with the relative molecular mass of 2. Its integral genome consists of at least six circular ssdna genome components and is associated with all geographical isolates of bbtv. Field experiments were conducted in oahu, hawaii, to investigate the effects of banana bunchy top virus bbtv infection on growth and morphology of banana musa acuminata.
Plants multiplied in culture were indistinguishable from noninfected control plants and lacked characteristic symptoms of bbtv infection. Bunchy top the banana knowledge platform of the promusa network. The resultant dsdna was treated with mung bean nuclease, bluntend ligated into sinai cut puc18 and cloned into e. Field diagnosis and management of banana bunchy top disease. Highthroughput detection of banana bunchy top virus in. Eradication of banana bunchy top virus bbtv and banana. Publications cgiar research program on roots, tubers and. Latest pest reports international plant protection. I know for a fact my cannas dont have bunchy top, but does this also mean the canna viruses that many possess can spread to banana plants.
Banana bunchy top is a viral disease caused by a singlestranded dna virus called the banana bunchy top virus bbtv. Development of rapidot immunoassays for the detection of. Effect of banana bunchy top virus infection on morphology and growth characteristics of banana c. Abaca bunchy top virus abtv is a pathogenic plant virus of the family nanoviridae. Pdf production of banana bunchy top virus bbtvfree.
Banana mats usually consist of several plants, some mature and some. Novel and rapid methods for the timely detection of pests and diseases will allow to surveil and develop control measures with greater efficiency. Tv was identified in south africa in 2015, on musa plantations in kwazulunatal kzn. Understanding banana bunchy top disease epidemiology in burundi for an enhanced and integrated management approach. It was first reported from the fiji islands in 1889, but its causal agent was not identified until nearly 100 years later harding et al. The genome organization of banana bunchy top virus.
Goals objectives the overall objective of this cooperative research project is to minimize the impact of banana bunchy top virus bbtv. The banana bunchy top virus bbtv is a virus that causes banana bunchy top disease in banana plants. Explants containing either vegetative shoot apices or terminal floral apices were used to initiate cultures. By that time, however, the virus has most likely been spread to other plants by the banana aphid, pentalonia nigronervosa. Current diagnostic methods for bbtv are laborious and prone to generate falsenegative results. Research partly funded by the previously funded sca resulted in the development of transgenic banana lines that. Dale j, burns t, oehlschlager s, karan m, harding r. If so, ill destroy all of my cannas in a heartbeat. Before destruction, diseased plants should first be sprayed with power kerosene or insecticide to kill all viruliferous aphids. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is a circular singlestranded ss plant dna virus and the type member of the genus babuvirus in the family nanoviridae. Six genomic dna components of bbtv isolate from kandy, sri lanka bbtvk were amplified by polymerase chain reaction pcr with specific primers using total dna extracted from banana. First, the aphids should be killed on the infected banana mat and then proceed to kill the mat.
Agdia negative control for banana bunchy top virus bbtv. Contact for info mr thizwilondi munzhelele department of agriculture, forestry and fisheries private bag x14 gezina 0031 email. General information about banana bunchy top virus bbtv00. Molecular characterization of banana bunchy top virus. Chemical control does not provide protection against transmission of banana bunchy top and direct feeding damage is not usually severe enough to warrant spraying.
Latest pest reports international plant protection convention. Localization, concentration, and transmission efficiency of. Bbtv is transmitted by the black banana aphid, pentalonia nigronervosa, and in infected planting material. Pdf banana bunchy top virus bbtv is the causal agent of banana bunchy. Studies over the past 100 years have contributed to important knowledge on disease biology, distribution, and spread. Its integral genome consists of at least six circular ssdna genome components. The global distribution of banana bunchy top virus reveals.
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